France’s strategic posture in sub-Saharan Africa was characterized by three elements: the use of military forces as a last resort, an explicit request from African states and respect for the multilateral framework. (86) However, is there fear that a situation similar to that in Afghanistan could develop in the Sahel following the “disastrous”

As Michel Galy points out, with globalization, social pathologies tend to be externalized. He considers that the harshness of the social situation in the Sahel makes it the main cause of the conflicts that are known there. Abandoned for decades, this region brings together all the components of social suffering: food and health insecurity, underemp

Control of the territory therefore becomes difficult. Under these conditions, the possible existence of large police forces or the forecast of high military budgets does not compensate for the multiple difficulties. For CEREM, for example, supplying all the police forces is complex, since the places that can offer such services are dispersed and se

Following the 2013 French military intervention in Mali, significant attention has been paid to issues of security and development in the Sahel. The stability of Sahelian countries and the capacity of their governments to manage social change and resulting tensions have major security implications for migration flows, economic development, and heal

Porous borders and the absence of regional cooperation constitute major security challenges. (21) Borders that extend thousands of kilometers cannot, in the absence of regional cooperation, be anything but porous, whatever means the state uses to control them. The latest attacks by Boko Haram (22) in Lake Chad show the fragility of the borders and